Wednesday, December 15, 2010

TP Mazembe triumph


TP Mazembe stun Internacional for historic win

Tue Dec 14, 2:25 pm ET

ABU DHABI (AFP) – African champions Tout Puissant Mazembe pulled off the biggest shock in the 10-year history of the Club World Cup by beating Internacional 2-0 in the semi-finals here on Tuesday.

The side from the Democratic Republic of Congo prevailed through fine second-half strikes by Mulota Kabangu and Dioko Kaluyituka to become the first team from outside Europe and South America to reach the tournament's final.



Having already seen off Mexicans Pachuca in the quarter-finals, they will now face either European champions Inter Milan or Asian Champions League holders Seongnam Ilhwa of South Korea in Sunday's decider. "We believed in ourselves, we were confident and you could see that when we started attacking, especially at the start of the second half," said TP Mazembe coach Lamine N'Diaye.

"We were lucky too, and don't forget that our goalkeeper was excellent -- he was like a magician! But to win 2-0, it?s a day of happiness for us. "It's very good for this team and for the Congolese people, and every African should be proud of this team."



South American champions Internacional, from the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre, were bidding to become the first team to win the competition twice, having already tasted success in 2006.

They were, however, routinely frustrated by TP Mazembe goalkeeper Muteba Kidiaba, whose brilliance played a decisive role in one of the most famous results in his club's history. "We had lots of great opportunities but unfortunately their goalkeeper was excellent," said Internacional coach Celso Roth.

"It was time for Africa to reach the final and unfortunately it has been at our expense. There's no dishonour in that -- African football is improving all the time and I don't see anything shameful in losing to an African team."



Inter's technical qualities were apparent from kick-off and their inventive approach play saw them procure a number of early opportunities. Rafael Sobis twice shot off target before being denied by a brilliant save from Kidiaba, who plunged to his left to deny the former Real Betis forward as he took aim from 10 yards. Inter defender Indio went close with a header that flashed across the face of goal, while precise crosses from right-back Nei set up first Tinga and then Matias, neither of whom were able to find the target.



The second half was eight minutes old when Kabangu made the breakthrough, skilfully taming the ball inside the Inter box and then steering a half-volley inside the right-hand post with his right instep.

Sobis spurned two chances to equalise for Inter, drawing a smart reaction save from Kidiaba with a swerving strike and then heading over from Andres D'Alessandro's left-wing centre.

Roth made two changes in a bid to force a way back into the contest and saw substitute Giuliano bring another splendid stop from Kidiaba with a left-foot effort in the 69th minute.

As the Brazilians pressed forward, TP Mazembe hit them with a sucker punch in the 85th minute.

Kaluyituka picked up the ball wide on the left and bamboozled Pablo Guinazu with a series of step-overs before cracking a low drive into the bottom-left corner from the edge of the box.

Friday, December 3, 2010

Monday, November 22, 2010

Former DR Congo leader faces trial

Jean-Pierre Bemba pleads not guilty to charges of murder and rape as his war crimes trial begins at The Hague.

Jean-Pierre Bemba, former vice-president of the Democratic Republic of Congo, has gone on trial for rape and murder allegedly committed by his troops in the neighbouring Central African Republic (CAR).

The 48 year old pleaded not guilty as the trial began at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague on Monday afternoon.

Bemba is charged with three counts of war crimes and two counts of crimes against humanity for the alleged atrocities by about 1,500 fighters of his Congolese Liberation Movement (MLC) between October 2002 and March 2003.

He is the most senior political leader to be detained so far by the ICC.

"It is the first time in the history of international justice that a military commander is on trial on the basis of indirect criminal responsibility for rapes committed by his fighters," an official in the prosecutor's office told the AFP news agency.

The case, which is expected to continue for months, should serve as an "example" for others who lead fighters in war, he said.

'Unfair trial'

Jonah Hull, Al Jazeera's correspondent in The Hague, said the defence team told a pre-trial news conference that the court was likely to see "the most unfair trial in the history of international justice".

"[The defence] said that Bemba in essence had no command of his forces once they crossed the border into the Central African Republic and that ultimate responsibility lies with Ange-Felix Patasse, the then-president of the CAR, who invited Bemba's forces in to put down a coup in the first place."

But Luis Moreno-Ocampo, chief prosecutor of the ICC, told the news conference that "the evidence shows that the troops were always under the authority and command and control of Jean-Pierre Bemba".

"The MLC is the army of and owned by Jean-Pierre Bemba," he said.

"Bemba created it, to make money and to make power ... and that is the point for us: you will not make money or power by committing atrocities. You will be jailed."

So far, 759 victims have been authorised to participate in the trial, with a further 500 applicants for the court to consider, a registrar said.

"It's the first time in the history of international justice that such a large group of people has been authorised to participate," Paolina Massidda of the ICC's office of public counsel for victims was quoted by AFP as saying.

Prosecutors say that about 400 rapes were recorded in Bangui, the capital of the CAR.

These were carried out during five months of fighting as the MLC helped Patasse resist a coup led by Francois Bozize, the current CAR president.

But Aime Kilolo, Bemba's defence lawyer, said that the MLC "fought in the uniform of the Central African Republic and under its flag, it was the Central African authorities who were in charge of command and discipline".

Bemba fled DR Congo in 2007, after coming second to Joseph Kabila in a presidential election and subsequently refusing to disband his armed group. The decision led to clashes that left hundreds dead.

The former vice-president was arrested in Brussels in May 2008 on an ICC warrant. The court was asked to take the case by Bozize.

Source:
Al Jazeera and agencies

Tuesday, November 16, 2010

Canada mining firm sued over role in DR Congo conflict

from BBC World News:http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11725651?print=true

Relatives of victims and survivors of a massacre in the Democratic Republic of Congo have filed a class action suit against the Canadian company Anvil Mining.

More than 70 civilians were allegedly killed by Congolese troops when they recaptured the town of Kilwa in 2004.

Anvil Mining is accused of providing logistical support to the military.

The company says it has not yet reviewed the allegations in detail, but it intends to defend itself.

The suit was brought in a Montreal court by the Canadian Association Against Impunity (CAAI) - a group which brings together survivors and relatives of victims and British, Canadian and Congolese non-governmental organisations (NGOs) which are supporting them.
Fighting for justice

Emmanuel Umpula Nkumba, from the Congolese advocacy group ACIDH, said: "We must continue to fight against impunity. The victims' families have never lost hope of seeing justice being done."

Matt Eisenbrandt is the legal co-ordinator of the Canadian Centre for International Justice, part of the association.
Continue reading the main story
“Start Quote
Patricia Feeney, Executive Director, RAID

It is important to set a benchmark for multinational companies operating in developing countries, particularly countries in conflict zones”

End Quote Patricia Feeney Raid's executive director

He told the BBC's Network Africa the case was being brought in Montreal because Anvil Mining is a Canadian corporation.

"There were attempts at holding people and the corporation responsible in Congo which met with a lot of problems and justice wasn't achieved there," he said. "So the victims have had to turn to Canada to seek justice."

Three Anvil employees were charged with complicity in war crimes in DR Congo but they were acquitted in June 2007, after a military trial which the United Nations said failed to meet international standards of fairness.

The company, which was Australian-owned at the time of the incident, has not denied that it supplied trucks and other logistical support to help Congolese troops get to Kilwa, where they recaptured the town from a rebel group in October 2004.

It argued that the firm had no option but to agree to the government's requisition request.

The CAAI, in its lawsuit, also alleges that Anvil's vehicles transported civilians "who were allegedly taken outside the town and executed by the military".

A UN report suggests that during the military operation, at least 73 civilians were killed.
Benchmark for conduct

The British group Raid (Rights and Accountability in Development) has amassed the testimony of many eyewitnesses and survivors.

Raid Executive Director Patricia Feeney, who is also president of the CAAI, said the allegations contained in the lawsuit were the most serious against a multinational company that Raid had come across in the last 10 years of working in southern and central Africa.

She said it was a case that would not go away until the circumstances of the killings had been examined.

"It is important to set a benchmark for multinational companies operating in developing countries, particularly countries in conflict zones," she told the BBC.

"They have an obligation to observe the same standards of conduct and respect for international rights as they would in their own jurisdiction."

In response to the suit, Anvil Mining said that over the years there had been numerous investigations and court proceedings but "no findings adverse to Anvil or any of its employees have arisen in respect of the Kilwa incident".

Thursday, November 11, 2010

Unacceptable Conditions on DR Congo Border

UN: Mass rapes on Angola-DRC border
Unicef says 650 women and girls locked up, tortured and sexually abused by security forces during mass expulsions.

source: Al Jazeera

More than 650 women and girls have been raped during mass expulsions from Angola to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the past two months, according to a body of the United Nations.

Many of the victims said they were locked up and tortured for several weeks while they were raped repeatedly by security forces.

The report by the UN Children's Fund (Unicef) said 6,621 people arrived in Congo's western Kasai province, in two waves during October. It is not clear on which side of the border the rapes took place.

"The conditions of expulsion are still terrible. In many cases, sexual violence is reported and even cases of torture," the report said, citing 657 instances of sexual violence based on evidence collated by welcome committees on both sides of the border.

Separately, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), citing humanitarian workers, said the true figure was close to 100.

"We are not in a position to confirm in which country they (the rapes) happened, but we do call on the authorities of the two countries to investigate these accusations to find out whether the rapes took place and where," Maurizio Giuliano, a spokesman of OCHA, said.

'No complaints'

Lambert Mende, the DRC information minister, said authorities had not received any reports of rape.

"We're not informed. We don't know, these figures are not confirmed," he said. "There are expulsions, perhaps there are rapes but we have received no complaints and we don't want to launch a dossier."

The report comes in the wake of an international outcry triggered by the rape of at least 303 civilians in eastern Congo between July 30 and August 3 by rebels in the town of Luvungi.

Angola and Congo often indulge in tit-for-tat expulsions and the figure touched 211,000 in 2009.

Angola helped the Congolese government fight off Rwandan- and Ugandan-backed rebels during fighting between 1998 and 2003, which drew in several neighbouring countries.

However, deteriorating relations between the two countries followed disputes over border demarcation, offshore oil ownership and closer Congolese relations with Rwanda and Uganda, its neighbours to the east.
Source:
Agencies

Wednesday, November 10, 2010

Congo general 'profits from blood gold'

By Thomas Fessy BBC News, North Kivu

A senior officer in the Democratic Republic of Congo has used the military to illegally profit from a gold mine, sources have told the BBC.

The BBC has evidence that Gen Gabriel Amisi Kumba installed a mining firm at the Omate mine in return for a 25% cut.

Following a mining ban in September, production is continuing at the mine under direct military control.

The general refused to answer questions about his role and the firm involved, Geminaco, denies there was a deal.

The lure of profits from mines in eastern DR Congo has turned the area into a battlefield.

Rebels target civilians in the surrounding villages near the border with Rwanda and Uganda and there have been reports of kidnapping, massacres and mass rapes, fuelled by the profits from minerals.

The military was sent in to suppress the rebels and ensure security for the local people.
Raw gold

During the last 12 months, Geminaco approached Gen Amisi, the second in command of the army, asking him to help it take over Omate.
Continue reading the main story
“Start Quote

The gold goes to the brigade commander in charge of units which are supposed to hunt down rebels”

End Quote Soldier at Omate

Rene Mwinyi, head of Geminaco, told the BBC the company had the rights to mine the area.

In February, the general wrote to the regional army commander in North Kivu, telling him to evict a rival company, Socagrimines, in favour of Geminaco.

The BBC has a copy of the letter, which says: "I order you to proceed to the eviction of the administration in place and all military involved in mining activities and to reinstate Geminaco in its initial positions."

But the head of the government's mining division in North Kivu, Emmanuel Ndimubanzi, said the general should have had no role in the dispute between the two companies.

He added that neither Socagrimines nor Geminaco had the right to mine at Omate.

A well-placed source in the industry told the BBC the general benefited from the arrangement.
Map of DR Congo, showing North Kivu

"The head of Geminaco in Congo, Rene Mwinyi, is a friend of General Amisi, or 'Tango Fort' as they call him," he said.

"They struck a deal to exploit Omate gold mine, which would give Amisi 25% of the monthly production of the raw gold."

A soldier, who spent over two months at the mine, also told the BBC: "At Omate there is the company Geminaco which exploits the minerals… and there are also soldiers who were sent by our chief of staff, General Tango Fort, who are also mining."

"The gold goes to the brigade commander in charge of units which are supposed to hunt down rebels…it also goes to Kinshasa. This is very serious: Instead of benefiting the state, this money goes to unknown pockets."

Mr Mwinyi said no such deal was done with Gen Amisi.

However, the 25% arrangement was confirmed by a provincial government source. Like many of the people who spoke to me, he would not go on the record because of fear of reprisals.

A source at Socagrimines said the company had tried and failed to do a deal with Gen Amisi itself. He said it was impossible to mine in the area without military support.
'Soldiers desert posts'

In September, Congolese President Joseph Kabila ordered a ban on mineral production in the east of the country, to root out what he called "mafia groups" who control the trade.
Advertisement

Thomas Fessy visits the first Congolese mineral trading centre

It is part of efforts by the UN and government to make the industry more transparent - initiatives include new trading guidelines and the setting up of mineral exchange centres.

Geminaco has since been evicted from Omate, and its manager at the mine was arrested in October.

A source told the BBC that the manager was arrested because Gen Amisi was not getting his promised cut of the profits. The manager himself denied there was any deal between the company and the general.

He said Geminaco's ejection from the mine was related to the ban - which contradicts Mr Mwinyi's statement that the firm has an exemption from it.

Despite the ban, mining has continued at Omate - now under direct control of the military.

A gold digger confirmed that he was working at the Omate mine very recently. Armed soldiers control the mine and often beat the diggers, he said.

I was unable to visit the mine myself because of the heavy deployment of soldiers. However, a friend visited on foot and confirmed that production is continuing.

When the BBC contacted Gen Amisi, he refused to answer questions about Omate, saying he was not entitled to talk to the media.

He referred us to the army's spokesman who said we had no authority to investigate the general's interests.

DR Congo remains one of the world's poorest countries, despite its rich resources of minerals like gold, cassiterite and coltan.

The east of the country was ravaged by many years of war involving Congolese, Ugandan and Rwandan forces.

An estimated five million people died and the area has suffered continuing conflict involving armed groups who have committed numerous atrocities.

Just this summer, more than 300 civilians were raped in this area by a coalition of rebel groups.

An internal memo from the UN peacekeeping mission in DR Congo suggested that the villages attacked were vulnerable because there were no Congolese soldiers to protect them.

The soldiers deployed there had left their posts to go to mining areas nearby, including Omate.

Wednesday, November 3, 2010

DR Congo to Copy China?

Shanghai World Expo, another success for China: DR Congo operator

KINSHASA, Nov. 2 (Xinhua) -- "The Shanghai World Expo was another great milestone in China after the 2008 Beijing Olympics," Faustin Kiala, an economic operator in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), told Xinhua on Tuesday.

Kiala, who is also the president of the Bana Mbanza Mpangu farmers' association, said that after the successful organization of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, the Chinese people have demonstrated to the international community that they have taken their destiny in their own hands and that they are committed to a development process which today makes their country one of the greatest economic, political, cultural and scientific nation on the planet.

"I think that a country like DR Congo should copy the Chinese development model so that she can also become an economic powerhouse in Africa.

"In the agricultural sector, for example, we have a lot to learn from China. In DR Congo, we have very fertile soils and water sources that can help us to carry out extensive farming. China has shown her capability to feed the over one billion people and export more food to other parts of the world. This is a an agricultural powerhouse that we should emulate," he explained.

The president of Bana Mbanza Mpangu association pointed out the need for DR Congo to develop close relations with China, especially in the agricultural, cultural and tourism sectors.

"For us at the associational level, we are using the Chinese model to manage our organization and develop our structures. We are still searching for Chinese partners who can help us to develop our agro-pastoral zone," he said.

Kiala said the Shanghai World Expo opened China to the world, and more specifically to DR Congo.

"This was an opening up by the people of China to the world. The success of the Expo was the fruit of seriousness, selflessness, hard work and patriotism exhibited by the Chinese people," Kiala added.

He regretted over the failure by DR Congo to strongly participate in the Shanghai World Expo.

"It's so sad that DR Congo did not send enough economic operators to this 'give and take' exhibition. China is an indispensable partner and an example to be emulated by all developing countries," he affirmed.

Kiala said he would like to see China and DR Congo coming up with Sino-Congolese agricultural exhibition, so that there can be exchange of experience and skills between farmers and researchers from the two countries.

"Just as China wants to open up to the world, DR Congo must open up to China," he told Xinhua.

The Bana Mbanza Mpangu association is an agricultural organization bringing together Congolese intellectuals from various domains. This organization has set up a number of agricultural and educational projects in Kinshasa and Bas Congo provinces, where it possesses huge tracts of agricultural land.

source: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/indepth/2010-11/02/c_13587360_2.htm

Monday, October 18, 2010

Congolese Women Organize against rape



Thousands of women have marched against sexual violence in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where the miseries of war have been compounded by mass rapes.

About 1,700 women who had attended a week-long forum on peace and development in Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu province, joined in the march on Sunday, which was led by Olive Lembe Kabila, the wife of the president, Joseph Kabila.

The atmosphere of the march was colourful and peaceful, and many demonstrators carried banners with slogans such as "No to sexual terrorism".

"Coming here is important because violence towards women is used systematically as a weapon of war," Miriam Nobre, an organiser of the march with the World March of Women, said.

The UN estimates that 15,000 women were raped in eastern DR Congo last year. Numerous Congolese and overseas rebel groups are active in the region, while government forces are also accused of mistreating civilians.

'Regaining dignity'

"We have fought this for years, and now it seems that the international community is genuinely interested in our problems," Nene Rukunghu, a doctor at a hospital in Bukavu where rape victims are treated, said.

"We must fight against impunity, so that the perpetrators of violence are punished, to allow women can regain their dignity. Despite what they endure, Congolese women are strong and able to stand up again," she said.

According to the UN Population Fund, there were 17,507 sexual violence attacks throughout Congo in 2009 - including more than 9,000 in North and South Kivu, which have been at the centre of the conflict in the east.

The scale of rapes and sexual violence has not diminished much this year, according to the fund, known as UNFPA, which collects data in Congo.

It said there were 7,685 attacks in Congo between January and June, including more than 4,500 in the two Kivu provinces.

Abubakar Dungus, a UNFPA spokesman, said 5,427 of the sexual attacks this year - about 70 per cent - were perpetrated "by men in uniform''. It was unclear if he was referring to soldiers or rebels.

Source: Al Jazeera Africa (http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/10/20101017181314911798.html)

Monday, October 11, 2010

FDLR Leader ARRESTED!

French authorities have arrested the alleged leader of a Rwandan group accused of mass rapes and killings in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Callixte Mbarushimana was arrested in Paris after a sealed warrant was issued for his arrest, the International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutor said on Monday.

Mbarushimana is suspected to be the leader of a group called the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda - known widely by its French acronym FDLR - which is accused of having carried out hundreds of rapes in the DRC province of Kivu.

The FDLR is made up of mainly Rwandan Hutu fighters or Interahamwe, who are blamed for the 1994 genocide and have been sheltering in neighbouring DRC.

The ICC, based in The Hague, says Mbarushimana is wanted for 11 counts of crimes against humanity and war crimes, including killings, rape, persecution based on gender and extensive destruction of property committed by the FDLR during most of 2009.

source: Al Jazeera (http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/10/2010101115553520111.html)

Wednesday, October 6, 2010

ARREST MADE!

Arrest in DR Congo over mass rape
UN arrests a commander of a tribal militia for alleged raids on villages where 500 people were raped.


A DR Congo rebel commander has been arrested on suspicion of leading raids on villages in the country's east where 500 people were raped in late July and early August, the UN has said.

UN headquarters in New York circulated an announcement by the UN peacekeeping force in Congo of the arrest of commander of a tribal Mai-Mai militia, known as Lieutenant Colonel Mayele, for alleged mass rapes.

The UN said Mayele was arrested on Tuesday in a military operation carried out by the UN Mission for the Stabilisation of the DR Congo (Monusco) and the Congolese military.

A mean for intimidation

Rape has been increasingly used by various groups of fighters in eastern Congo to intimidate, punish and control the population, especially in the mining areas.

According to the UN announcement, the mass rapes and human rights violations are said to have been committed by about 200 Congolese Mai-Mai rebels, fighters from the Rwanda-led Democratic Front for the Liberation of Rwanda or FDLR, and elements loyal to former Congolese army Colonel Emmanuel Nsengiyumva who was also a rebel in the former Tutsi-led People's National Congress or CNDP.

The UN force said a preliminary report from UN human rights officials identified 303 civilian victims, 235 women, 13 men, 52 girls and 3 boys.

Margot Wallstrom, who is responsible for UN efforts to combat sexual violence in conflict, told to Al Jazeera that Mayele's arrest "should send out a signal that sexual violence will not go unpunished."

"This is the first strong signal that says we are determined to end impunity, this is an important step forward. and the first of I hope an arrest for the ones responsible for the rape.

"This sends a strong signal in the military chain of command and to the rebel group that we keep you under our watch, and we will do everything we can to apprehend the perpetrator," she said.

Monusco said Mayele had been handed over to military judicial authorities who have opened a judicial inquiry.

Monusco said it will continue to pursue those responsible for the mass rapes so they can be brought to justice.

Source:
Al Jazeera and agencies

What is the cause of mass rape?

Sunday, September 26, 2010

UN Reports Mass Raping in Eastern Congo by Terrorists

Congo-Kinshasa: Preliminary UN Report Confirms Over 300 Rapes By Rebels in Eastern DR Congo

24 September 2010

A United Nations human rights team today confirmed that at least 303 civilians were raped over a period of four days in late July and early August in the volatile far east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), warning that the total number of victims may be even higher.

"The scale and viciousness of these mass rapes defy belief," said UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay.

"Even in the eastern part of DRC where rape has been a perennial and massive problem for the past 15 years, this incident stands out because of the extraordinarily cold-blooded and systematic way in which it appears to have been planned and executed."

The known victims include 235 women, 52 girls, 13 men, and 3 boys, some of whom were raped multiple times, according to the 15-page preliminary report, prepared by the UN Joint Human Rights Office comprising the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the Human Rights Division of the UN mission in the DRC (MONUSCO).

In addition, at least 923 houses and 42 shops were looted and 116 people were abducted in order to carry out forced labour, according to a news release on the report.

The attacks, which took place mostly after dark in the Walikale region, were carried out between 30 July and 2 August by a "coalition" of around 200 members of three armed groups - the Maï Maï Cheka, the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), and elements close to Colonel Emmanuel Nsengiyumva, an army deserter who has also in the past been involved with the rebel National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP) group.

OHCHR spokesperson Rupert Colville told reporters in Geneva that the attackers, armed with AK47s, grenades and machetes, initially pretended that they had come to provide security for the population, before launching attacks in small groups.

They subsequently cut off the main routes into the area and had taken control of a key hill, which was the only place where telephone communications were possible in the area, thereby preventing the population from raising the alarm, he added.

Mr. Colville also stressed that the total number of victims might well be higher, as attacks were still taking place in the area while the investigating team was in the villages. The attacks prevented the team from completing its investigation in six of the 13 affected villages.

In addition to the mass rapes in the Walikale region covered in the report, the FDLR also attacked 19 villages north-east of Shabunda during the first three weeks of August, allegedly committing a further 214 cases of rape. The UN Joint Human Rights Office has, however, not yet been able to confirm these cases and the exact circumstances surrounding them, due to serious insecurity in the area.

He added that both local leaders and victims believe the prime motive for the attacks were to punish and subjugate the local population whom the attackers viewed as "traitors."

The report points to serious shortcomings in the preparedness and response of the local detachments of the Congolese army and the police stationed in the area. It also notes that their failure to prevent or stop the attacks was compounded by subsequent failings on the part of MONUSCO forces, which the report says did not received any specific training in the protection of civilians.

A number of recommendations are made to both to the Congolese authorities and to MONUSCO to improve their systems to prevent such situations from arising. The report also urges humanitarian agencies to provide the Congolese authorities with much needed medical assistance and psychological care for all the victims, and the international community in general to support the efforts of the Congolese authorities to arrest those commanding the armed groups and bring them to justice.

Ms. Pillay offered the Congolese authorities her support to carry out investigations and bring the alleged perpetrators of these crimes to justice.

"I fully recognize the enormous difficulties this involves, but we have to do better. Impunity for rape in the past, and now, will simply breed more rape in the future. The cycle of impunity for sexual violence in this part of the DRC must be broken."

Source: allAfrica.com (http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/201009240819.html)

Monday, September 20, 2010

DR Congo Plans to Attack FDLR

Kigali — SENIOR officials of the Congolese army (FARDC) are in the DRC's volatile eastern region to assess the situation and come up with fresh strategies to battle against the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) militia.

This was revealed by Maj. Vianney Kazalama, the Congolese army (FARDC) spokesperson in DRC's North Kivu Province.

"The chief of the army (FARDC Chief of Staff, Lt. General Didier Etumba), is currently in Walikale together with other senior army officers, to plan how to wipe out these rebels," he said.

The revelation comes shortly after Congolese President, Joseph Kabila, also toured the region and suspended mining activities in an attempt to clean up the sector and weed out rebel groups who are using the region's mineral wealth to fuel conflict.

The FDLR comprises remnants of masterminds of the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda. They fled the country in 1994 after masterminding the killing of over one million people. For the past 16 years, the rebels have been entrenched in the DRC's vast eastern region where they have continued to cause a humanitarian catastrophe - killing, raping and plundering.

In a series of attacks in July and August, the FDLR, in conjunction with their Congolese Mai-Mai militia allies, gang-raped 500 women and some children in Walikale.

"Ever since the last attacks and the rapes, there have been no more serious incidents," said Maj. Kazalama.

The Congolese army is reportedly increasing its deployments there in what seems to be another bid to purge the FDLR.

Following the recent Walikale atrocities, a top UN official - Atul Khare, the United Nations Assistant Secretary General for Peacekeeping, admitted that UN peacekeepers had failed the rape victims. Khare then also recommended that the UN Security Council imposes targeted sanctions against the FDLR.

source:http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/201009201192.html

Thursday, September 16, 2010

Kabila Suspends 'Conflict Mines'


The president of the Democratic Republic of Congo has ordered a suspension on mining in three provinces during a visit to the eastern Walikale region, where the United Nation says more than 240 women were raped within a month.

Joseph Kabila said authorities want to weed out "a kind of mafia involved in minerals exploitation" that he accused of fueling conflicts.

D'Assise Masika, the mining minister of North Kivu province, which is affected by the ban, said on Friday that the president wants to clean up the sector and create better living conditions for people there.

An official presidential statement would be published in the near future, Masika said.

Rebel groups accused of committing atrocities against local populations in the three provinces - North Kivu, South Kivu and Maniema - also control the lucrative mining activities in the region.

The provinces are rich in cassiterite and coltan, the minerals used to make phones, computers, games consoles and other electronics. They also have some gold reserves.

Among the armed groups running illegal mining operations are the Hutu rebels of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) - considered one of the main sources of instability in the region.

Officers of the DR Congo army and members of other rebel groups have also been accused of exploiting the mines.

Continuing conflict

Atul Khare, the UN under-secretary general for peacekeeping operations there, blamed the FDLR and its allies, the local Mai Mai militia, earlier in the week for a series of mass rapes between July 30 and August 3.

He also acknowledged that the UN had failed to halt "the unacceptable brutalisation of villages in the area".

Since war broke out in 1998, the DR Congo had been embroiled in a conflict that has left more than five million people dead - the highest war-related death toll since WWII.

In December 2008, the UN security council passed a resolution calling for a travel ban and asset freeze to be imposed on all individuals and entities supporting illegal armed groups in DR Congo through the illicit trade of natural resources. Another resolution was passed in December 2009.

While in May 2010, the UN adopted a resolution on the security situation in the DR Congo, in which it emphasised "that that the linkage between the illicit exploitation and trade of natural resources and the proliferation and trafficking of arms is among the major factors fuelling and exacerbating conflicts in the Great Lakes region".

A US financial reform bill passed in July 2010 also requires companies that engage in the trade and use of minerals like coltan to declare in an annual report if they are sourcing their supply chain from the DR Congo, or an adjoining country.

Source:
Al Jazeera (http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/09/201091155928846989.html)

Wednesday, September 8, 2010

The Latest from allAfrica.com on DR Congo

Congo-Kinshasa: UN Mission in DR Congo Prolongs Special Patrols to Deter Attacks Against Civilians

8 September 2010

The United Nations peacekeeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) on Wednesday said it was extending by another week an operation designed to enhance the protection of civilians in the eastern areas of the country where members of illegal armed groups raped some 240 people recently.

The UN mission, known as MONUSCO, last week launched the operation known as Shop Window, intended as a show of force and to boost protection of residents of the villages of Pinga, Kibua and Walikale in North Kivu province, where the mass rapes took place. The operation has been extended until 15 September.

The operation, carried out by some 750 peacekeepers with the support of attack and observation helicopters, is also aimed at providing security cover to efforts by the national authorities to apprehend those suspected of committing the rapes in villages along a 21-kilometre stretch of road in North Kivu between 30 July and 2 August.

Eight of nine new operational bases have already been set up under the new measure. As of Monday, 165 patrols and 21 helicopter reconnaissance flights had been conducted. The operation is also intended to be a tool to gather information on armed groups in the area and to meet local officials and community leaders.

source: http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/201009090010.html

Monday, September 6, 2010

Deaths in DR Congo boat accidents - Africa - Al Jazeera English

Deaths in DR Congo boat accidents - Africa - Al Jazeera English

Hundreds of people are believed to have died in two separate river-boat accidents on the Democratic Republic of Congo's vast rivers over the weekend.

In the first incident in the Central African nation, around 70 people were reported to have drowned when a boat capsized on the Rupi River early on Saturday morning. Ebale Engumba, a local official in Equatuer province where the accident occurred, said the boat hit a rock while travelling in darkness without a light.

"We are going to arrest people involved who are in charge of regulating the boat's movement who failed to stop that boat from traveling at night,'' she said.

On Saturday evening, another boat, overloaded with passengers, caught fire and capsized in Kasai Occidental province, leaving around 200 people feared dead.

Local officials said that passenger manifest had been burned in the fire, leaving them unable to confirm how many people were on board, but witnesses said that the boat was overfilled with passengers.

Looting fishermen

One survivor, a woman named Romaine Mishondo, said the boat was already packed with "hundreds'' of passengers when it stopped some 10 minutes before the fire to pick up more people.

She said she did not know exactly how many people were aboard, but said the boat was so crowded it reminded her of "a whole market in the village full of people.''

She said that local fishermen quickly arrived on the scene, but began looting the boat rather than helping those in the water.

"Fishermen attacked the boat and started beating passengers with paddles as they were (trying) to loot goods,'' she said.

Mwamba Mwati Nguma Leonard, the boat's owner, said the fire had started while the boat was refuelling. "At the moment I am crying after learning my boat caught fire,'' Leonard said. "I was just told on phone that it was while seamen were putting fuel into the tank that an explosion occurred after the oil touched the vessel's battery.''

He said he has not been able to contact his employees who were at the scene of the accident, about 800km from the capital Kinshasa.

Francois Madila, an official from the navigation department in the province, said police had arrested two crew members and were investigating the incident.

Accidents common

River boats are a common mode of transport in DR Congo, which has less that 480km of paved road. The boats are often in poor repair and overloaded for trips, and many passengers are unable to swim, making fatal accidents a common occurance.

In July, officials said at least 80 people died when a boat ferrying about 200 passengers to DR Congo's capital capsized after hitting a rock.

In May, dozens of people died when an overloaded canoe capsized on a river in eastern DR Congo. And last November, at least 90 people were killed after a logging boat sank on a lake.

The timber-carrying vessel was not supposed to be carrying passengers.
Source:
Associated Press

One Rape Per Hour

Congo-Kinshasa: Outrage Grows Over Failure to Protect Civilians

6 September 2010

Geneva — Human rights groups are demanding an investigation into the U.N.'s failure to prevent a raid from occurring where nearly 200 women were systematically gang raped by armed groups in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) late last month.

"These scandalous, outrageous atrocities should serve as a wakeup call for the international community," Marcel Stoessel, Oxfam International's country director in the DRC, told IPS in a phone interview.

Amnesty International echoed Oxfam's sentiments, calling for a critical investigation of the U.N.'s inaction.

"The DRC government and the United Nations must urgently review the failures to protect civilians to prevent such horrors from being inflicted again," Amnesty International said in a statement.

According to IPS, Amnesty also urged the immediate gathering and preservation of evidence in order to bring the perpetrators to justice.

Legally, the responsibility to arrest and prosecute the perpetrators of the mass rapes lies with the weak and often ineffective Congolese government, which has been under mounting pressure to capture and try the individuals responsible.

A spokesperson for the U.N. said that a team has been deployed to investigate the incident, and is expected to finish its work by the beginning of September. The Congolese government, however, is not involved.

Another official of a human rights group admitted that the rebels were not likely to be apprehended, much less prosecuted. He cited a leaked U.N. report, revealed by Le Monde on Wednesday, which accuses the government of Rwanda of war crimes, including possibly genocide, in the DRC as reflecting the history of violence in the region since 1993.

Rape is systematically used as a tool of war, with about one case of rape reported every hour - the perpetrators of which are usually armed men from rebel groups or the regular Congolese army, according to Amnesty.

Given the DRC's instability, in 1999 the U.N. sent a peacekeeping force to the country, now called MONUSCO, which is charged with the protection of civilians. This week, it was revealed that MONUSCO failed to act despite knowledge of the rebels' presence in the villages, and failed to respond timely after eventually receiving information of the mass rapes.

Source: allAfrica.com (http://allafrica.com/stories/201009060441.html)

Friday, August 27, 2010

Reccomended Reading



Africa's World War: Congo, The Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe

written by Gerard Prunier

Rwanda's Involvement in Genocide

From Al Jazeera Africa:http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/08/201082717746660515.html

UN links Rwanda to DRC massacre
The prosecutor said the 'pattern' in the DR Congo slaughter resembled that of the Rwandan genocide

A war-crimes prosecutor has said Hutus who fled Rwanda to neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) after the 1994 genocide were butchered in a "pattern" similar to the Rwandan massacre.

Luc Cote, the head of a new UN investigation, said that Rwandan Tutsi troops and their rebel allies targeted, chased, hacked, shot and burned Hutus in the DRC, from 1996 to 1997, after the outbreak of a cross-border Central African war.

"For me it was amazing," he told news agencies on Friday. "I saw a pattern in the Congo that I'd seen in Rwanda."

Cote was referring to the 1994 genocide where Hutu extremists butchered an estimated 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus.

'Systematically done'

He investigated the genocide and ran the legal office of the UN International Criminal Tribunal in Rwanda from 1995 until 1999.

"It was the same thing. There are dozens and dozens of incidents, where you have the same pattern. It was systematically done," he said.

Cote's comments came in advance of the official release next month of a 600-page UN report co-authored by him on atrocities committed in the central African nation.

It is a nightmarish inventory of murder, rape and looting that took place in the DRC from 1993 until 2003 as it was torn apart by more than half a dozen plundering armies.

The report's most damaging element says that Rwandan Tutsi commanders and their rebel allies may have committed genocide.

"The systematic and widespread attacks described in this report ... reveal a number of damning elements that, if they were proven before a competent court, could be classified as crimes of genocide," stated the probe.

Rwanda dismissed the report as malicious and ridiculous, accusing the UN of seeking to bury its own failings.

'Unacceptable'

"It is immoral and unacceptable that the UN, an organisation that failed outright to prevent genocide in Rwanda ... now accuses the army that stopped the genocide of committing atrocities in the Congo," Ben Rutsinga, the Rwandan government spokesman, said.

France's Le Monde newspaper said Rwanda had threatened to withdraw peacekeepers from Sudan's Darfur region over the charges.

The UN has said the leaked report was only a draft version and experts say diplomats are debating whether to include the genocide accusation in the final copy of the document.

Cote's probe, a draft of which was obtained by the AFP news agency, is silent on the death toll though it found evidence suggesting tens of thousands of Hutus had been killed.

UN and other aid agencies said in the 1990s that 200,000 Hutus were unaccounted for.

The possibility of genocide forms only a part of the UN report.

Rwanda Linked to Hutu Massacres

From allAfrica.com:http://allafrica.com/stories/printable/201008270477.html

Radio France Internationale (Paris)
Congo-Kinshasa: UN Report to Show Rwanda Massacred Hutus in DR Congo, Says Le Monde

27 August 2010

The French media reported on Friday that a UN report will detail mass killing of Hutu refugees by Rwandan forces in the Democratic Republic of Congo in the late 1990s.

Friday's Le Monde newspaper has seen what it describes as "an almost definitive version" of a 600-page UN report. The document investigates human rights abuses in eastern DRC, between 1993 and 2003.

Over a million Hutus fled to the DRC in the wake of Rwanda's 1994 genocide, which ended when President Paul Kagame's RPF forces took control of the country.

Le Monde says the report identifies "systematic attacks" against these Hutu refugees by the Rwandan army - and the Congolese rebel group the AFDL - in the years 1996 to 1998.

The report suggests that there could be a basis for a charge of genocide.

Although other armies are also cited in the investigation, the paper claims that Kigali has spent weeks attempting to quash it. Le Monde says that Kagame threatened last month to pull Rwandan troops out of UN peacekeeping missions over the allegations.

The paper also quotes a letter from Rwandan Foreign Minister Louise Mushikiwabo, written earlier this month to the UN. Her letter suggests similar consequences if the report is "published" or "leaked to the press".

But Le Monde says Ban Ki Moon is uneasy with any use of the term "genocide" in the final version of the report, due out next month - and that he has warned its authors to verify the legal basis of any accusations they make.

Rwanda meanwhile described the allegations against its army as "outrageous".

Monday, August 23, 2010

Mass Rape in the DR Congo

Taken from AlJazeera Africa: http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/08/201082402724259229.html

Reports of mass rape by DRC rebels
The UN says at least 5,400 women in the DRC are believed to have been raped in 2009 alone [EPA]

Almost 200 women have been raped by rebels in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), during a four-day seizure of a town, aid groups have said.

A US aid worker and a Congolese doctor told the Associated Press on Monday that the attacks occurred within miles of a UN peacekeepers' base

Will Cragin of the International Medical Corps (IMC) said that aid and UN workers knew fighters from Rwandan rebel FDLR group and Congolese Mai-Mai rebels had occupied Luvungi town and surrounding villages the day after the attack began on July 30.

Three weeks later, the UN peacekeeping mission in Congo issued no statement about the attacks and said on Monday that it was still investigating.

Cragin also told the Associated Press that his organisation was only able to get into the town, which he said is about 16km from a UN military camp, after rebels withdrew on their own on August 4.

Systematic rape

"There was no fighting and no deaths, Cragin said, just "lots of pillaging and the systematic raping of women".

Luvungi is a farming centre on the main road between Goma, the eastern
provincial capital, and the major mining town of Walikale.
MONUC was based in the DRC since 1999 to help the government gain control of the east [AFP]

Four young boys were also raped, according to Kasimbo Charles Kacha, the district medical chief.

UN spokesman Martin Nesirky said the peacekeeping mission has a military operating base in Kibua, about 30km east of the village, but villagers were prevented from reaching the nearest communication point as FDLR fighters blocked the road.

Civil society leader Charles Masudi Kisa said there were only about 25 peacekeepers and that they did what they could against some 200 to 400 rebels who occupied the town of about 2,200 people and five nearby villages.

"When the peacekeepers approached a village, the rebels would run into the forest, but then the Blue Helmets had to move on to another area, and the rebels would just return," Masudi said.

"During the attack [the rebels] looted [the] population's houses and raped several women in Luvungi and surrounding areas," Stefania Trassari, spokesperson for the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said
on Monday.

"International Medical Corps (IMC) reported that FDLR systematically raped the population during its four-day stay in Luvungi and surrounding areas. A total of 179 cases of sexual violence were reported," Trassari said, adding all of the cases
were of rape against women.

Harrowing accounts

The IMC said it was treating the victims.

"Nearly all reported rapes were described as having been perpetrated by two-to-six armed men, often taking place in front of the women's children and husbands," it said in a statement.

The United Nations has withdrawn 1,700 peacekeepers in recent months in response to demands from DRC government to end the mission next year, but still supports operations against several armed groups in the country's east.

Roger Meece, the new head of the UN mission called MONUSCO - which replaced predecessor MONUC - said last week that the rebels were still a huge threat to the population and the UN would keep trying to wipe them out.

Margot Wallstrom, the UN special representative on sexual violence in conflict, said in April the withdrawal of UN peacekeepers from the country would make the struggle against endemic rape "a lot more difficult".

Accurate figures for sexual violence are hard to come by as many rapes are unreported but according to the UN, at least 5,400 women reported being raped in neighbouring South Kivu province in the first nine months of 2009 alone.

MONUC had been in the former Belgian colony since 1999 to help the government of the DRC as it struggles to re-establish state control over the vast central African nation.

A war from 1998-2003 and the ensuing humanitarian disaster have killed an estimated 5.4 million people in the country.

Wednesday, August 18, 2010

From the New York Times

Democratic Republic of Congo: Rebels Have Seized Hundreds, Report Says
By REUTERS

The Lord’s Resistance Army rebels have abducted 697 people in Central Africa in the past 18 months, killing many of them, according to an investigation by a human rights group released Thursday. The Ugandan rebel group “has killed at least 255 adults and children, often by crushing their skulls with clubs,” said Human Rights Watch, whose researchers spent a month gathering evidence on attacks in the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. “Nearly one-third of those abducted have been children, many of whom are being forced to serve as soldiers or are being used for sex by the group’s fighters,” the statement added.

Tuesday, August 10, 2010

Proletariat Education: The Protestor's Perspective

Africans march in Brussels against 50 years of neocolonial rule in Congo

By Luwezi Kinshasa, Secretary General of the ASI
Published Aug 3, 2010

BRUSSELS — On June 30, 2010, Congolese nationals based in France, Belgium, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland, along with African individuals from Jamaica, Ivory Coast and Martinique, descended on Brussels, the Belgian capital, to demonstrate against the celebration of 50 years of Congo flag independence, the celebration of which was marked by the presence of the current Belgian king, Albert IV, in Kinshasa, Congo.


This demonstration was called by Richard Lumumba, a nephew of the former prime minister Patrice Lumumba, in association with Congolese activists based in Belgium such as Henry Muke and Congolese organizations based in Belgium. The African Socialist International’s (ASI) influence on Richard Lumumba can be seen in the t-shirts he printed for this march that say  “ASI, Européen Front de la Révolution Africaine” (ASI, European Front of the African Revolution).

The announcement that King Albert IV of Belgium would participate in the ceremony of the 50th anniversary of the declaration of Congo’s independence in Kinshasa created a fierce debate amongst the Africans from Congo inside and outside the country. This debate is part of the general discussion taking place around the “Cinquantenaire of African independence” or “50 years of African independence” in Africa and around the world.

The rally started modestly with about 100 people gathering around 1:00pm. The crowd swelled gradually over the next hour. By the time we were marching, two hours later, we were at least 1,000 strong. Our numbers made the police nervous. Some people, sensing the power of our numbers, wanted to have a show down with the police.

The ASI was represented by  members of APSP-England. We brought four ASI banners to this event: two in French and two others in English. They read: “Belgian colonialism in Congo a crime against humanity,” “Complete the Congolese revolution of the sixties,” “Genocide in Congo, made in U.S. and EU” and the ASI lead banner that said,

"The solution for the Congo must be an African solution

"'If we do not formulate plans for unity and active steps to form political union, we will soon be fighting and warring amongst ourselves with the imperialists and colonialists standing behind the screen and pulling vicious wires to make us cut each other's throats for the sake of their diabolical purposes in Africa'

"Kwame Nkrumah 1961"

We chanted slogans such as “Reparations Now,” “Belgian wealth — Stolen wealth from Congo,” “Africa is not poor, Africa is looted, Congo is not poor, Congo is looted,” “UN out of Congo,” “Lumumba liberator! Leopold II genocidaire!,” ”Kabila must go now!”

Should we celebrate the 50 years of African independence?

At the June 30 march in Brussels, the overwhelming response was that there was nothing to celebrate. How could Kabila dare to invite the king of our historical oppressors on the day that is supposed to be a celebration of our liberation?

Our people in Congo are so poor that spending millions of dollars to celebrate something that is not real did not make sense. Congo is a country under occupation, ruins still in place from the slave trade and colonialism, and the most recent 15 years of proxy wars led by the neocolonial mercenary governments and militaries of Uganda and Rwanda, and financed primarily by the U.S., Britain and other European countries.

Independence has benefited the African petty bourgeoisie. This is what the flag independence was for, to allow them to access political power, which was concentrated in the colonial state apparatus. The colonial state apparatus is a tool to maintain the colonial economic status quo and to repress the people, who are strangled by the colonial economy that continued after the declaration of the flag independence.

Six million people have died in the genocide without end in Congo, in the looting and present proxy wars with no end in sight. The result is a never ending humanitarian disaster throughout the Congo, not just in regions affected by the proxy wars of occupation. To speak of a genuine independence, the people must be in power, Africa must be united and strong on the international scene.

Lessons to be learned from the march; Uhuru Movement slogans part of the march

The first thing that was clear is that it was easy to expose imperialism in white face with slogans, like “Belgian colonialism in Congo is a crime against humanity,” “Leopold II genocidaire, Lumumba liberator,” “Africa is not poor, it is looted, Congo is not poor, it is looted,” “We Demand Reparations now,” etc.

Many of the radical petty bourgeois can unite with the above slogans, but the immediate task of African revolutionaries is to raise the political education of the African working class everywhere, particularly in imperialist centers where an active and dynamic African working class can decisively contribute to the political and ideological defeat of western imperialist governments.

Listening to slogans like “Kabila Rwandan!” or to songs that say we do not know his daddy or his mummy does not elevate the political level of the workers. It promotes sectarianism and reactionary tribalism and support of imperialist defined borders which are designed for the continued exploitation of the resources of beloved Africa.

ASI slogans contribute to the political development of the African working class in Brussels

The slogan “Kabila must go!” does not take into account that for over 30 years we said, “Mobutu must go!” Mobuto did go, but things are worse than before. The issue is that we need slogans that inform the people that the most important immediate task of the African working class everywhere is the end of the neocolonial state. This must be done in alliance with poor peasants and petty bourgeois progressive forces in the society.

It is the State that must be consciously borne out of a struggle against the colonial state of the parasitic class of the African petty bourgeoisie bureaucrats and compradors. We needed slogans that mobilize the class of workers not just against the current president, as is often the case, but against the entire comprador and bureaucrat African petty bourgeoisie and against imperialism.

Many people who came to the march in Brussels did so because they were against the King’s visit to Congo, or against Kabila’s regime, or against the vassal status of Congo’s neocolonial State in relation to Uganda and Rwanda’s neocolonial States. Others may have come because of the ongoing genocide of six million people in the Congo.

Nostalgic supporters of Mobutu came to the march with flags bigger than anything available. They came with their backward slogans and empty chants, which can only delay the development of the revolutionary spirit of the workers and keep them at the tail of the movement led by the petty bourgeois forces.

The attempt to expose Mobutu failed, as most of the people identified Kabila as the main problem. They forgot about Mobutu, whose betrayal laid the ground for the current situation in the Congo. Many believe Kabila is the problem. We must intensify political education that persuades people that if we are tired of dealing with collaborators such Mobutu, Tshombe, Kabila and others, we must be strategic; we must get rid of neocolonialism.

Some forces who came to the march wanted to hold up the Flemish flag! Flemish nationalism is white nationalism as much as Belgian nationalism is white nationalism. The conflict between the Flemish and Walloons about who should run Belgium has nothing to do with white solidarity with oppressed people in Congo. They are in dispute over who should get the lion’s share of the resources coming from Congo and the rest of Africa.

Spontaneity and the struggle against opportunism

There were elements in the march that were inclined to fight the police! I heard some saying that there were only five police in front of us.

I don’t know how they could only see five cops! What about those inside all the police vans and vehicles around the march? What about the undercover police? What about their means of communication for getting more police backup in no time?

What preparations have these protesters done? What are their goals in this march? What are their long term political goals? None!

There were a lot of women with children, and elderly women too, who had no idea about the forces trying to engage the police. We had to engage these anti-police forces to dissuade them from initiating a fight that would allow the police to assault the march. They are an example of people who would sacrifice the goals of the march for their own selfish interests. Spontaneity is the mother of opportunism.

At some point in the march, spontaneous decisions were made. We started up the road that was part of the planned itinerary. But later, the march split when some elements insisted on going to (and were already heading to) the Congolese embassy.

At the end of the demonstration, there was no clear established agenda. It had not been determined who should speak or should not speak. Everyone who could grab one of the megaphones available went to speak, in disregard of the real march organizers.

Who’s visions were to be central? To what end was this demonstration organized?

Participation of a thousand people requires a well structured organization with a clearly established philosophical and organizational discipline accepted by the masses. The organizers must develop slogans and chants to heighten the African working class consciousness and reveal to the people the ultimate tasks of the African workers.

The masses had their own songs, which did not educate the people about the vassal status of Kabila to Kagame. Most of the time those songs were expressions denouncing and exposing Kabila, which showed that the revolutionaries are lagging behind.

We have not studied these songs with the intent to rework them and give them back to the people with a more revolutionary content that articulates the interests of the workers and poor peasants and other progressive forces, at the expense of the African petty bourgeoisie and white imperialism.

The philosophy of African Internationalism draws a line of demarcation that will separate the black workers from the black exploiters, the black collaborators of white imperialism from the pro-independence forces. The radicalization of the Congolese mass movement would be measured by the introduction and development of African Internationalism.

It is not enough to repeat the symbolism, rhetoric and programs of the sixties. I am convinced that African Internationalism offers the only path to the theoretical and strategic development required to complete the Congolese Revolution, which also means to complete the thought and work of Lumumba.

This is true for all the leaders of the unfinished black revolutions of the sixties. They all find their fusion and completion in African Internationalism.

The urgent work that needs to be done today is the work that aims to build the revolutionary party of the workers in alliance with poor peasants right here in Belgium, and in Congo too.

This work includes massive propaganda work that mobilizes the workers. This work must reveal the selfish interest of the workers in opposition to those of the African petty bourgeoisie.

The most important aspect of this work is the struggle to fight against opportunism within our own movement, the pro-independence movement and the anti-colonial movement. This is the task Mulele, Lumumba and others did not complete -- the work to defeat opportunism, the cancer that sells out the long term and fundamental interests of the revolution for short term gains.

Today’s work is the development of an international strategy to win freedom in Congo. We went to Belgium in order to win people to that strategy, which is to build the ASI in Europe, a party of the African workers in Europe, of which Belgium would be a section. I am already a part of it in England where I am based.

The ASI is the organization that needs to be built right there in Belgium as part of rebuilding our movement with the clear intent to complete the Congolese Revolution in Congo.

The Party of the ASI in Belgium would be the guardian and custodian of the interests of the whole African Revolution around the world. It would represent Congo, as well as Haiti, Trinidad, Gabon and the whole African revolution in Belgium.

The latter will not go to sleep easily, because it would be made to account for possession on its soil of the wealth stolen from Congo, and the whole African world.


(See the pictures on www.uhurunews.com)

Sunday, July 25, 2010

Rwandan Rebels take Indian Pilot

Rwandan rebels seize Indian pilot
7/25/2010 3:37:52 AM
Story from Al Jazzeera


Officials from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) say that rebels from neighbouring Rwanda have taken an Indian pilot hostage.

The rebels attacked the pilot's aircraft in a tin mining zone in DRC's North Kivu province, army and mining officials said on Saturday.

Baigwa Dieudonne Amuli, a Congolese army official, said Rwandan Hutu FDLR rebels were to blame for the abduction.

"The FDLR attacked a plane with the assistance of Mai Mai Sheka [militia]. We are pursuing the rebels in the bush. They took money and the co-pilot of the plane," Amuli said, adding that $60,000 in cash had been stolen.

The Goma Express, an airline company whose aircraft was attacked, said a Russian pilot escaped and flew the plane back to Goma, the provincial capital 150km away, with a wounded Congolese national on board.

Pedro Kadogi, the director of Goma Express, confirmed the incident and said the plane had been looted before it returned to Goma. He said food supplies, rather than money, had been on the plane.

"Everybody fled the scene into the bush and the co-pilot has been taken hostage," he said.

"After two hours the Russian pilot panicked and refused to wait and flew the plane back to Goma."

About 15 planes a day land at the airstrip to export tonnes of cassiterite from the Bisie mine in the deep jungle.

Wednesday, June 30, 2010

Congo's Quest

Congo's Quest for Liberation Continues
By Bahati Ntama Jacques and Beth Tuckey, June 30, 2010

Congo has long been the focus of resource exploitation. The first era of colonization in Africa, beginning in the mid-1880s, was most pronounced in this central African country. Belgium's King Leopold brutalized the population in his quest for rubber and riches, leaving a legacy of natural resource exploitation by white Europeans in the heart of Africa.

Today, at the 50th anniversary of Congo's independence, the country continues to be a source of wealth for the world, yet the Congolese people live in poverty. Like many African nations, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is suffering under this new era of neocolonialism, where natural resources belong not to those who live on the land but to those with power and access to global markets.

The pursuit of true independence and liberation in Congo will continue until foreign nations cease their policies of exploitation.

History of Violence

When Patrice Lumumba began agitating for independence in early 1960, there was great hope that Congolese people would benefit from the resources of their land, lifting the country out of poverty and into an era of prosperity. Instead, after nearly three months in office as Congo's first elected prime minister, Lumumba was deposed in a coup and four months later killed in a plot orchestrated by the Belgian government with the complicity of the United States. Mobutu Sese Seko, a staunch opponent of communism, took power in a CIA-backed coup and became one of Africa's most brutal dictators. He drove Congo — which he named Zaire — into ruin.

In 1996, Rwanda and Uganda invaded Congo and forced Mobutu to flee, while a new leader, Laurent Kabila, rose to power. Since then, eastern Congo has been mired in conflict, overrun by rebel groups and government militias, each of which seeks control of Congo's vast wealth. It's estimated that between 1998 and 2007, 5.4 million people died in DRC as a direct or indirect result of conflict. Meanwhile, the world has come to depend on minerals such as tungsten, tin, and coltan, used in electronics and sophisticated weaponry, which come primarily from the Congo. Western love for the Congo has always been for its resources, never its people, which explains the lack of any genuine interest in helping to build Congo's state capacity. 

Lack of transparency or regulation in the mining industry in Congo makes it nearly impossible to prevent the sale of conflict minerals in electronic products. And although many companies have expressed interest in disclosing their supply chain information, tracing which minerals come from the conflict zone in eastern Congo remains a significant challenge.

In the 110th session of Congress, Rep. Jim McDermott (D-WA) introduced the Conflict Minerals Trade Act "to improve transparency and reduce trade in conflict minerals," and Sen. Samuel Brownback (R-KS) introduced the companion Senate legislation "to require annual disclosure to the Securities and Exchange Commission of activities involving columbite-tantalite, cassiterite, and wolframite from the Democratic Republic of Congo." Also in May, Brownback was able to attach a related amendment into the Restoring American Financial Stability Act of 2010, which passed the Senate and is being reconciled with the House version of financial reform. While an admirable start considering the inadequate U.S. government attention paid to Congo, such legislation is only a small part of a more holistic policy shift needed to address the economic colonization of DRC.

America: Part of the Problem?

The United States can do much more to promote true security and prosperity in Congo.  However, time and time again the United States has been part of the problem. In 2008, the United States was among a group of nations that negotiated the premature and hasty integration of former rebel forces of the Rwanda-backed rebel group, the National Council for the Defense of the People (CNDP) into the Congolese national army. These Rwandan troops, as part of the national army, today represent a serious threat to sustainable peace in eastern Congo.

Meanwhile, the U.S.-Rwanda relationship continues to be very problematic as far as peace and stability in Congo is concerned. From 2000 to 2009, the United States provided $1.034 billion to Rwanda when its government was occupying large territories in Congo and plundering Congolese resources. While Washington argues that it never intended to aid the Rwandan invasion in the Congo, U.S. financial support possibly helped the Rwandan government secure money within its budget to wage the deadly war. 

As a senator, Barack Obama introduced legislation, ultimately signed into law in 2006 by President George W. Bush, that requires the U.S. Secretary of State to "withhold assistance made available under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961…other than humanitarian, peacekeeping, and counterterrorism assistance, for a foreign country if the Secretary determines that the government of the foreign country is taking actions to destabilize the Democratic Republic of the Congo."

But it wasn't the United States, ironically, that took action. Sweden and the Netherlands, after looking at the evidence of Rwandan involvement in the conflict in the Congo made available by a UN panel of experts' report in 2008, threatened to withhold their financial support to Rwanda. This action, which drew international attention to the issue, held the Rwandan government accountable by requesting an immediate withdrawal of its troops from the Congo. Instead of following suit, the United States participated in the misleading and failed integration of former CNDP forces into the Congolese army. So far, the Obama administration shows no sign of implementing the legislation that Sen. Obama worked so hard to promote. The key to the U.S. relationship with Rwanda is rooted in access to Congo's resources. 

Congo as Heart

All governments must enact strict laws against the import of products that fuel conflict, use child labor, or otherwise support human rights violations in Africa. Companies should also be forced to pay fines and reparations to communities they have damaged in the creation of their goods.

But at the same time, and equally as important, governments must work to engage Africa in the global economy in a way that encourages human security. Although coltan and tungsten fuel deadly conflict in eastern Congo, they also provide local people with jobs and some means of income. The Congolese government, with the support of the international community, should ensure that those local people reap the true benefits of their labor, which requires strict attention to worker's rights. In this way, Congo and the outside world can partner to advance resource sovereignty and local ownership.

 

Congo is the heart of Africa. Yet, after 50 years of political independence, it still does not beat on its own. Nor does it sustain the health of other African counties. Lumumba once famously said, "free and liberated people from every corner of the world will always be found at the side of the Congolese." The liberation of Congo — which is a key part of the liberation of all of Africa — requires that people in countries that profit from Congo's wealth stand in solidarity with those who rightfully own it. That means, most importantly, taking action as citizens and pushing governments to create more responsible policies toward central Africa regarding the use of its natural resources.

Lumumba's Independence Day Speech 1960




LE DISCOURS DE LUMUMBA LE 30 JUIN 1960:

LA JOURNÉE DU 30 JUIN DISCOURS DE PATRICE LUMUMBA, PREMIER MINISTRE

Congolais et Congolaises, Combattants de l’indépendance aujourd’hui victorieux, Je vous
salue au nom du gouvernement congolais, A vous tous, mes amis, qui avez lutté sans
relâche à nos côtés, je vous demande de faire de ce 30 juin 1960 une date illustre que
vous garderez ineffaçablement gravée dans vos cœurs, une date dont vous enseignerez avec
fierté la signification à vos enfants, pour que ceux-ci à leur tour fassent connaître à
leurs fils et à leurs petits-fils l’histoire glorieuse de notre lutte pour la liberté.
Car cette indépendance du Congo, si elle est proclamée aujourd’hui dans l’entente avec la
Belgique, pays ami avec qui nous traitons d’égal à égal, nul Congolais digne de ce nom ne
pourra jamais oublier cependant que c’est par la lutte qu’elle a été conquise
(applaudissements), une lutte de tous les jours, une lutte ardente et idéaliste, une
lutte dans laquelle nous n’avons ménagé ni nos forces, ni nos privations, ni nos
souffrances, ni notre sang. Cette lutte, qui fut de larmes, de feu et de sang, nous en
sommes fiers jusqu’au plus profond de nous-mêmes, car ce fut une lutte noble et juste,
une lutte indispensable pour mettre fin à l’humiliant esclavage qui nous était imposé par
la force.

Ce que fut notre sort en 80 ans de régime colonialiste, nos blessures sont trop fraîches
et trop douloureuses encore pour que nous puissions les chasser de notre mémoire. Nous
avons connu le travail harassant, exigé en échange de salaires qui ne nous permettaient
ni de manger à notre faim, ni de nous vêtir ou nous loger décemment, ni d’élever nos
enfants comme des êtres chers. Nous avons connu les ironies, les insultes, les coups que
nous devions subir matin, midi et soir, parce que nous étions des nègres. Qui oubliera
qu’à un noir on disait "tu", non certes comme à un ami, mais parce que le
"vous" honorable était réservé aux seuls blancs? Nous avons connu que nos
terres furent spoliées au nom de textes prétendument légaux qui ne faisaient que
reconnaître le droit du plus fort.

Nous avons connu que la loi n’était jamais la même selon qu’il s’agissait d’un blanc ou
d’un noir: accommodante pour les uns, cruelle et inhumaine pour les autres. Nous avons
connu les souffrances atroces des relégués pour opinions politiques ou croyances
religieuses; exilés dans leur propre patrie, leur sort était vraiment pire que la mort
elle-même. Nous avons connu qu’il y avait dans les villes des maisons magnifiques pour
les blancs et des paillotes croulantes pour les noirs, qu’un noir n’était admis ni dans
les cinémas, ni dans les restaurants, ni dans les magasins dit européens; qu’un noir
voyageait à même la coque des péniches, aux pieds du blanc dans sa cabine de luxe.

Qui oubliera enfin les fusillades où périrent tant de nos frères, les cachots où furent
brutalement jetés ceux qui ne voulaient plus se soumettre au régime d’une justice
d’oppression et d’exploitation (applaudissements) (1).

Tout cela, mes frères, nous en avons profondément souffert. Mais tout cela aussi, nous
que le vote de vos représentants élus a agréés pour diriger notre cher pays, nous qui
avons souffert dans notre corps et dans notre cœur de l’oppression colonialiste, nous
vous le disons tout haut, tout cela est désormais fini. La République du Congo a été
proclamée et notre pays est maintenant entre les mains de ses propres enfants. Ensemble,
mes frères, mes sœurs, nous allons commencer une nouvelle lutte, une lutte sublime qui va
mener notre pays à la paix, à la prospérité et à la grandeur. Nous allons établir
ensemble la justice sociale et assurer que chacun reçoive la juste rémunération de son
travail (applaudissements).

Nous allons montrer au monde ce que peut faire l’homme noir quand il travaille dans la
liberté et nous allons faire du Congo le centre de rayonnement de l’Afrique tout entière.
Nous allons veiller à ce que les terres de notre patrie profitent véritablement à ses
enfants. Nous allons revoir toutes les lois d’autrefois et en faire de nouvelles qui
seront justes et nobles. Nous allons mettre fin à l’oppression de la pensée libre et
faire en sorte que tous les citoyens jouissent pleinement des libertés fondamentales
prévues dans la déclaration des Droits de l’Homme (applaudissements). Nous allons
supprimer efficacement toute discrimination quelle qu’elle soit et donner à chacun la
juste place que lui vaudra sa dignité humaine, son travail et son dévouement au pays.
Nous allons faire régner non pas la paix des fusils et des baïonnettes, mais la paix des
cœurs et des bonnes volontés (applaudissements).

Et pour tout cela, chers compatriotes, soyez sûrs que nous pourrons compter non seulement
sur nos forces énormes et nos richesses immenses, mais sur l’assistance de nombreux pays
étrangers dont nous accepterons la collaboration chaque fois qu’elle sera loyale et ne
cherchera pas à nous imposer une politique quelle qu’elle soit (applaudissements). Dans
ce domaine, la Belgique qui, comprenant enfin le sens de l’histoire, n’a pas essayé de
s’opposer à notre indépendance, est prête à nous accorder son aide et son amitié, et un
traité vient d’être signé dans ce sens entre nos deux pays égaux et indépendants. Cette
coopération, j’en suis sûr, sera profitable aux deux pays.

De notre côté, tout en restant vigilants, nous saurons respecter les engagements
librement consentis. Ainsi, tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur, le Congo nouveau, notre
chère République que mon gouvernement va créer, sera un pays riche, libre et prospère.
Mais pour que nous arrivions sans retard à ce but, vous tous, législateurs et citoyens
congolais, je vous demande de m’aider de toutes vos forces. Je vous demande à tous
d’oublier les querelles tribales qui nous épuisent et risquent de nous faire mépriser à
l’étranger. Je demande à la minorité parlementaire d’aider mon gouvernement par une
opposition constructive et de rester strictement dans les voies légales et démocratiques.
Je vous demande à tous de ne reculer devant aucun sacrifice pour assurer la réussite de
notre grandiose entreprise. Je vous demande enfin de respecter inconditionnellement la
vie et les biens de vos concitoyens et des étrangers établis dans notre pays. Si la
conduite de ces étrangers laisse à désirer, notre justice sera prompte à les expulser du
territoire de la République; si par contre leur conduite est bonne, il faut les laisser
en paix, car eux aussi travaillent à la prospérité de notre pays. L’indépendance du Congo
marque un pas décisif vers la libération de tout le continent africain
(applaudissements).

Voilà, Sire, Excellences, Mesdames, Messieurs, mes chers compatriotes, mes frères de
race, mes frères de lutte, ce que j’ai voulu vous dire au nom du gouvernement en ce jour
magnifique de notre indépendance complète et souveraine (applaudissements). Notre
gouvernement fort, national, populaire, sera le salut de ce pays. J’invite tous les
citoyens congolais, hommes, femmes et enfants, à se mettre résolument au travail en vue
de créer une économie nationale prospère qui consacrera notre indépendance économique.

Hommage aux combattants de la liberté nationale ! Vice l’indépendance de l’Unité
africaine! Vive le Congo indépendant et souverain! (Applaudissements prolongés).

Wednesday, June 9, 2010

As the UN leaves Issues Arise

A state-within-a-state controlled by former Congolse-Tutsi rebels, is emerging in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo once controlled by the Hutu perpetrators of the 1994 Rwanda genocide, raising the chances of renewed violence in the Great Lakes region.
The mini state now run by former rebels of Congolese-Tutsi known as the CNDP collect taxes, appoint local officials and man border posts. A flag now wavers from atop a hill signifying self-government.

According to reports, the CNDP have allowed at least 60,000 people across the border from Rwanda in recent months leading residents in the region to describe the situation as an invasion by Rwanda.

"The situation is explosive in Masisi [one of the districts under the new flag]. I am not really optimistic that this can be resolved without conflict,” Vice president of the provincial assembly based in Goma, Jean Baumbiliya Kisoloni said.

The provincial coordinator of the National Commission for Refugees, Laingulia Njewa, told news reporters that many of the newcomers might be not refugees but rather economic migrants, abandoning their tiny, overpopulated state in search of, literally, greener pastures. United Nations officials, legislators and traditional chiefs are already forming pacification committees to try and resolve the rising tensions.

Refugees International (RI) revealed that people from Rwanda are "attempting to pass themselves off as Congolese refugee returnees and arriving to areas under the protection of the CNDP, adding to the frictions that are rising." In a manifesto published after his 2009 capture, former CNDP leader Laurent Nkunda said that without colonization, today’s Congo would not exist and his Congolese home district would be part of Rwanda.

The RI report also found that large farms are being established in the area through heavy taxation and threats of violence to drive out land owners. It also said there were reports of armed herders in Masisi serving as a militia.

After the 1994 genocide, Hutu extremists fled to east Congo and took control of Masisi, the land now in dispute. The over 54,000 Congolese Tutsis in Masisi at the time fled to Rwanda because Masisi was to be declared a "Hutuland."

The Congolese government had failed to facilitate the return of the Congolese Tutsis who were forced to flee Masisi into Rwanda. According to experts, this failure led to the formation of a Congolese Tutsi rebellion known as the CNDP, who wanted their parents to return to Masisi from Rwanda. The rebellion led by General Laurent Nkunda eventually reclaimed Masisi. The CNDP tripled the size of Masisi to include lucrative mines and tens of thousands of acres of land.

"What’s going on here now [in Masisi] is boiling under the surface, a calm before the storm, and when it explodes ...," Camilla Olson of Refugees International was quoted by AFP.

Congolese Tutsi rebel leader, Gen. Nkunda was arrested in 2009 and a peace agreement was signed between Rwanda and Congo. But The CNDP says it will not dismantle its "parallel administration" until the Congolese government fulfills its part of the peace accord by organizing the return of the refugees and giving Congolese Tutsis positions in the government.

The U.N. refugee agency has taken names of thousands of new arrivals from Rwanda but is unable to match them to names of refugees registered in Rwandan camps, and has vowed to repatriate the 54,000 Congolese Tutsi refugees registered with the U.N. in Rwanda. Karl Steinacker of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees has been unable to explain the origins of some "undocumented" people crossing from Rwanda.

Contribution from Scott Morgan and Afrik.com

DR Congo Suspends Police Chief

story from Al Jazeera Africa (http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/06/201066151023866458.html)

The police chief in the Democratic Republic of Congo has been suspended, following the death of a human rights' activist.

Officials said on Sunday that the decision to suspend General John Numbi was taken to allow a deeper investigation into the incident.

The body of Floribert Chebeya Bahizire, head of Voice of the Voiceless, was found in his car on Wednesday in a suburb of the capital, Kinshasa.

"[Inspector-General] John Numbi was suspended so that the attorney-general can focus on his enquiries smoothly and make sure nothing gets in the way of the investigations," Daniel Lubo, an adviser at the interior ministry, told the Reuters news agency.

The rights group, one of the largest in the DRC, said Chebeya had been due to meet the police chief the night before his death.

The group also said he appeared to have been strangled. The driver of the car has not been found since contact was lost with Chebeya on Tuesday evening.

Several police officers, including Daniel Mukalay, head of the police special service, were arrested on Saturday in connection to the death.

More than 50 human rights groups, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have demanded an independent enquiry into the killing in an open letter to Joseph Kabila, the Congolese president.

Erwin van der Borght from Amnesty International said Chebeya had been arrested and threatened in the past.

"Threats and intimidation [are] unfortunately part of the working environment in which [rights activists in the DRC] have to operate," he told Al Jazeera.

"We certainly believe the Congolese authorities contribute to that hostile environment, either by the security forces' attitude towards human rights activists by regularly arresting them and intimidating them, but also by the statements made by government officials towards the work of human rights organisations."

Friday, May 28, 2010

UN approves partial DRC withdrawal

From Al Jazeera
http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/05/201052814481192583.html

The United Nations Security Council has approved a partial withdrawal of its peacekeeping force from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The council's vote on Friday would remove 2,000 troops from the country by June 30, "where the security situation permits."

The partial withdrawal, which will coincide with the 50th anniversary of the DRC's independence from Belgium, is far smaller than the DRC government requested.

Congolese officials call the deployment a violation of their sovereignty. Joseph Kabila, the DRC's president, has asked for a complete withdrawal of the roughly 17,000 peacekeepers ahead of presidential elections in August 2011.

Further troop withdrawals will be considered according to "the situation on the ground," the UN said.

The UN has also changed the name of the peacekeeping force, rebranding it as a "stabilisation mission," a move intended to appease the government.

UN peacekeepers first arrived in the Congo in 1999, at the end of a four-year civil war.

They were often ill-equipped, and have been accused of corruption, but many observers credit the force with preventing even worse bloodshed in the country, which has faced an ongoing problem with rebel forces throughout the last decade.

Congo's national army is widely considered corrupt and ineffective.

UN changes name of mission in Congo before draw-down in 2011

(Associated Press via Scott Morgan)

New York - The UN Security Council decided Friday to extend the mandate of its world largest peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo until 2011 as it prepares to pull out of the African nation.

The UN Mission in Congo will in July become known as the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in Congo (MONUSCO) to mark the new phase under which the Kinshasa government will take over security responsibility in the vast territory.

The peacekeeping force will comprise a maximum of 19,800 military personnel and close to 2,000 police and military observers, whose mandate in Congo will expire June 30, 2011.

The first draw down of 2,000 UN military personnel will take place at the end of June.

The council said in a resolution that the withdrawal of MONUSCO will be conditioned to the development on the ground in Congo's northern and eastern provinces, in particular in the Kivus where a military operation was underway.

Other conditions include Kinshasa's effectiveness in providing security to its people and on the consolidation of its control over the territory, which require the deployment of civil administration, police and imposition of rule of law.

Relief organizations and some UN officials have warned that the humanitarian situation in conflict areas in Congo may worsen without the presence of UN peacekeepers. Oxfam International warned that the UN draw down could be bad news for Congolese.

'Congo needs each peacekeeper that it has, every pair of boots counts,' said Marcel Stoessel, head of Oxfam in Congo. 'While we'd like to see them be more proactive and effective in their daily operations, peacekeepers continue to have an important deterrent effect, particularly in eastern Congo.'

Oxfam said some 162,000 Congolese have become displaced because of the fighting this year alone while the continues to report of murder and mass rape.